Protected concrete pile and method of making same



\ 1,629 103 y 7- F. s. HONBERGER PROTECTED CONCFETE PILE AND METHOD OF MAKING SAME Filed Aug. 28, '1925 2 Sheets-Sheet l &

y 1927' F. s. HONBERGER PROTECTED CONCRETE FILE AND METHOD OF MAKING SAME Filed Aug. 28. 1926 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Patented May 17, 1927.

UNITED STATES 1,629,103 PATENT OFFICE.

FRANK S.-HONBERGER, OF LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA.

PROTECTED CONCRETE PILE AND METHOD OF MAKING SAME.

Application filed August 28, 1926. Serial No. 132,073.

This invention has to do with the art of 'making an impregnated concrete article,

"tected concrete tion however s directed particularly to pil-' ing and the like in its specific aspects; a companion application filed on even, date herewith, Serial No. 132,074, entitled Prolike, is specific to blocks or slabs or similar articles; the broader claims generic to all forms being presented in this present application.

A description of the invention as applied to piling will make the invention itself most clearly understood, and therefore I elect to make, a part of this specification a description of an improved concrete pile and the method of making such a pile.

I have had issued to me the following Letters Patent: Number 1,555,209 dated September 29, 1925, for-method of treating concrete, Number 1,555,208 dated September 29, 1925 for method of and apparatus for treating concrete, which set out methods whereby concrete piling has successfully been made and impregnated to a suflicient depth to protect it and make it immune to the action of sea water. However, it has been found that in order successfully to 1 impregnate such a pile to a desireddepth of porosity, and at from the surface, the pile must be made mitially of concrete having an appreciable porosity, if the impregnation action is'to be done within a reasonable len h of time.

For concrete structures w ere maximum strength is required, the specifications usually call for concrete of comparatively great denseness' and this .is usual y true of speci for piling. This invention aims to article composed or of concrete that meets the requirements of strength or other characteristicsregardless of porosity onlack the same time to provide ficatio'ris block for paving and the.

a pile that can be easily and economically impregnated to proof it a ainst water or other deteriorating action." ienerally speaklng I accomplish the objects of my invention by providing a pile or other article .with an interior main body of concrete that conforms to 'the desired specifications (usually a concrete of comparatively dense mix) and an outer sheathing or envelope of comparatively porous concrete susceptible of easy and quick impregnation. The extent to which this outer sheathing of relatively porous concrete covers the inner main body of the pile or other article will depend upon the circumstances, as is more fully set forth in the following detailed specification. And to make my invention most plain, I illustrate several different forms of concrete articles in the accom-pan ing drawings, to

which reference is now ad and in which: Fig. 1 is a longitudinal central section of one form of concrete pile in accordance with my invention;

Figs. 2 and3 are similar views of other specific forms of piling;

Fig. 4 is a cross section of any of the forms of the first three figures, said section being taken on line 4+4 of the first three figures;

Figs. 5, 6 and ,7 are sectional views illustrTting method of casting such a concrete 1 p Fig. 8 is a perspective illustrating a form of protected block in accordance with my invention; and I Figs. 9 and'10 are cross sections illustrat ing variant forms of concrete blocks.

In Fig. 1 a main interior body A of concrete is shown provided with the usual rein- .forcements B; and around the main body A there is shown an enveloping sheath or envelope C of concrete that is particularly amenable to im regnation. Usually the interior main body A will be of relatively dense concreteof a concrete designed to be as strong aspossible or practicable. The external envelope C on the other hand will usually be of a concrete having a substantial degree of porosity, just as the concrete mixture for the main interior" body A will usually have been proportioned to give a dense concrete of ,greater physical strength. Although Isay that these comparative characteristics will usually obtain, as between the main concrete bod and the sheath, and although I will herein refer to the inner body being of comparatively dense concrete, that is not necessarily specifically the situation in all cases. Generally speaking, the main interior body. may be of concrete of any characteristics desired for any particular use; and the specifications for the main interjior body may be laid down without any regard whatever to porosity or lack of porosity. On the. other hand, the concrete of the exterior sheath must be so formed as to have a substantial degree of porosity in order to be quickly and economically impregnated.

In Fig. 1, I show the exterior sheath C enveloping the whole length of the pile and also forming the driving point ofthe pile, the sheath being thickened around the point as shown at C so that if a small portion of the point be broken away in driving,the interior unimpregnated body A will not be exposed. On the other hand,'in Figs. 2 and 3 I show an exterior sheath C or C that does not extendthe whole length of the pile, but only envelops that portion of the pile that may be alwa s above the water line. It has been found is lat the deterioration in concrete piling, or at least the maximum deterioration, takes place in those parts of the pile that are alternatelysubjected' to water and physical arrangements whereby my invention may be incorporated in piles.

The piles are so formed that the interior dense body and the exterior porous sheathing are in fact one monolithic piece of concrete, although of different mixture. -A practical way of forming such a pile is illustrated in Figs. 5 to 7. For instance, a casting box If) is used of proper size and of proper interior configuration, and in it the reinforcing rods are ut in position as illustrated in Fig. 5. hen in the bottom of the box a layer 11 of the sheathing concrete is first laid; and then byusing removable forms 12, layers of the sheathing concrete are laid at 13 at the sides of the box. As soon as the concrete 13 has been placed, and usually tamped, then the removable forms 12 are taken away and the whole space between the two parts 13'is filled with the concrete of the main body A, in the proper s ecifications as re uired for that main body.

referably when t is concrete A is put in place it is tamped or otherwise forced into place so that in contact with the concrete of parts 11 and 13, it becomes completely bonded with those parts so that upon setting the whole mass of concrete forms a monolithic concrete body, although different parts of it are of different mixtures. Immediately after the concrete A has been placed, an upper layer 14 of sheathing concrete is poured and tamped, or otherwise forced, into the position shown in Fig. 7 and when the several parts of concrete have then all set together, a complete monolithic pile is formed. In this complete pile the reinforcements B may be either located in the interior dense main body or in the exterior sheathing, or in both. The particular placement of the reinforcements is of no concern so far as my present invention goes.

After the pile, physically formed as above described, is finished, it is then impregnated in the manner described in the above identified patents; The impregnating process involves fundamentally the drawing in or forcing under pressure, of heated liquid asphalt or other impregnating and protecting substances into the interstitial spaces of the concrete to fill those interstitial spaces and thusmake the concrete entirely fluid proof. In the present form of pile. it is only the exterior sheathing that is to any great extent impregnated with asphalt. The comparatively dense main body A may be to a certain extent impregnated; but in the average case, where a very dense and strong concrete is used, the impregnation of the main bod A in the short t1me needed for complete lmpregnation of sheathing C' will be more or less negligible. On the other hand, in some cases the specification for main concrete body A may be such that incidentally that body may be substantially porous, and in that case the main body may be impregnated to some substantial depth,

both in its surface that may not be covered by sheathin G and in its surface under the sheathin Thus the finished pile is characterized by having the interior con-' crete body that may or may not be impregnated, but characteristically not impregnated to an substantial degree; and the facing or sheat ing of comparatively porous concrete that is lmpregnated with an impregnating and rotecting substance such as asphalt. The nished pile thus has all of the characteristics required in engineering pracflee-characteristics such as great crushing and bending strength-and also is thoroughly and completely protected against the ac: tion of sea water or other fluid.

Fig. 8, I illustrate the application of In invention to a concrete block or slab such as may be used for a sea wall or pavement, or any other structure. Here there is a main body A which may be of dense concrete or of concrete havin the desired physical characteristics regar less of porosity; and

.or other suitable impregnating and protection substances. Using a block of the form shown in Fig. 8, the impregnated face may be the outer facing of a sea wall ,or other structure, or the face of a paving block that is exposed to traflic abrasion, and can carry the traflic loads. On the other hand, the block may be formed as shown in Fig. 9 with a body A surrounded by a porous impregnated sheathin C that extends around all faces of t e block except the -back face; or as is shown in Fig. 10, the

impregnated sheathin'g 0 may extend completely around and completely enclose the interior body A; Various other physical forms will occur to those skilled in the art, for use for such structures as I have herein indicated, or for use for other structures, and such blocks and slabs and their uses are more particularly set out in my said companion application, they only'being mentioned here to indicate that in its broader aspects my invention is not limited to piling.

I claim:

I. A protected concrete body, comprising a main body of relatively dense concrete, and a concrete facing formed integrally with said body, said concrete facing being relatively porous and having its interstitial spaces filled with a protective substance.

2. A protected concrete body, comprising a main body of relatively dense concrete,

paratively porous concrete said concrete sheathing having its interstitial spaces filled with an impregnating substance.

4. A protected concrete body, comprising a main inner body of comparatively dense concrete, and a surrounding concrete sheathing formed integrally with said main body and of comparatively porous concrete and hgvilng itsinterstitial spaces filled with asp a t.

5."1he herein described method of forming a protected concrete body, that includes forming an inner body of comparatively dense concrete and forming an outer sheathing integrally with saidbody and of comparatively porous concrete; and then impregnating the porous concrete of' the sheathing withan impregnating substance to fill its interstitial spaces.

6. The herein described method of forming a protected concrete-body, that includes an inner body'of comparatively dense concrete and forming an outer sheathing integrally with said body and of' comparatively porous concrete; and then impregnating the porous concrete of the sheathing with asphalt to fill its interstitial spaces.

7 The herein described method of forming a protected concrete body, that includes forming an inner body of comparatively dense concrete and forming an outer sheathing integrally with said body and of comparatively porous concrete; and then subjectin the whole body to a liquid impregnat ing su stance such as heated liquid asphalt and causing, the asphalt to be forced under pressure into and fill the interstitial spaces of the porous concrete of the sheathing.

In witness that I claim the foregoing I have hereunto subscribed my name this 23d day of August, 1926.

- FRANK S. HONBERGER. 

